Quiz (Chapter 3)


Bivariate Correlation

The Key Concept Behind Correlation: Relationship
  1. The concept of "relationship" cannot be investigated if we measure each person in a group one time only on a single variable.
    2. True
    False
  2. What kind of relationship exists among the math and science quiz scores shown below:
    3. High-high, low-low
    High-low, low-high
    Little systematic tendency one way or the other
    		 
    Person
    Math
    Science
    Will
    7
    5
    Jill
    9
    3
    Bill
    8
    4

  3. If 10 points are added to each person's math score in the previous question, what kind of relationship will exist between the revised math and science quiz scores?
    4. High-high, low-low
    High-low, low-high
    Little systematic tendency one way or the other
Scatter Diagrams
  1. If a scatter diagram is used to show how 20 people score on 2 variables, the scatter diagram will have __ axes and __ dots.
    2. 2, 20
    2, 40
    20, 2
    40, 2
  2. If a "high-low, low-high" relationship exists between two variables, the "path" of dots in the scatter showing this relationship will extend from:
    3. upper-right to lower-left
    upper-left to lower right
  3. Where would you be located in a scatter diagram if you've got the top scores and its a "high-high, low-low" relationship?
    4. Top left
    Top right
    Bottom left
    Bottom right
The Correlation Coefficient
  1. Which of the following correlations is "highest"?
    2. -.35
    +.80
    -.05
    +.65
    -.95
  2. Since a correlation of +1 is "perfect," a correlation of -1 is as "imperfect" as can be.
    3. True
    False
  3. "Positive" is to "negative" as "direct" is to "_______."
    4. directionless
    inverse
    circular
    roundabout
  4. What lower-case letter is generally used to represent a correlation coefficient?
    5. c
    n
    p
    r
    z
  5. When used in reference to correlation coefficients, the adjectives "modest" and "moderate" mean the same thing.
    6. True
    False
  6. If r is +1.00, the means of the 2 variables will necessarily be identical to each other.
    7. True
    False
The Correlation Matrix
  1. Which two variables had the lowest correlation in Excerpt 3.10?
    2. Safety Events and Transformational Leadership
    Safety Events and Safety Climate
    Injuries and Safety Events
    Passive Leadership and Transformational Leadership
    Safety Climate and Passive Leadership
  2. If all possible bivariate ("pairwise") correlations are computed among 10 variables, there will be at least ___ (how many) correlation coefficients in the correlation matrix.
    3. 9
    18
    45
    81
    100
  3. If a correlation matrix has 4 rows & 4 columns, then how many variables were there to start with?
    4. 4
    5
    Either 4 or 5
Different Kinds of Correlational Procedures
  1. What kind of measurement scale leads to rank-ordered data?
    2. nominal
    ordinal
    interval
    ratio
  2. Which term--dichotomous or nominal--covers the other (and covers other things too)?
    3. Dichotomous
    Nominal
  3. If people are called "tall" if they're over 5'6" (and "short" if they're not), is this a true dichotomy?
    4. Yes
    No
  4. What 2 symbols are used to designate Spearman's correlation?
    5. r and s
    ordinal r and r
    interval rs and s
    rs and r
  5. Which correlational procedure handles data sets having ties better than does Spearman's?
    6. Kendall's tau
    tetrachoric
    phi
  6. What do the letters "pb" stand for in the notation rpb?
    7. Pearson bivariate
    Pearson biserial
    point bivariate
    point biserial
  7. If we were to correlate hand preference (left vs. right) with gender (male vs. female), which correlational procedure would be most appropriate:  phi or tetrachoric?
    8. Phi
    Tetrachoric
  8. What letter of the alphabet is used to denote Cramer's correlational procedure?
    9. C
    H
    R
    V
Warnings About Correlation
  1. If the correlation is greater than .90, can we assume that a causal relationship exists?
    2. Yes
    No
  2. In Excerpt 3.9, the coefficient of determination for ES and AG (for the paper-and-pencil version) is equal to __ .

    3. .00

    .04
    .20
    .40
    It's impossible to say

  3. In Excerpt 3.8, approximately what % of the variability in Spelling scores was explained by variability among the Social Studies scores?
    4. 3%
    9%
    30%
    It's impossible to say
  4. Depending on their location, outliers can either increase or decrease the size of r.
    5. True
    False
  5. Does the term "linear" apply to these 8 pairs of math (M) and geography (G) scores?
    6. Yes
    No
    Name
    M
    G
    Joe
    2
    1
    Sam
    1
    2
    Sue
    3
    2 
    Ann
    2
    3 
    Bob
    4
    3
    Dan
    3
    4
    Eve
    5
    4
    Pam
    4
    5

     

  6. Two variables are considered to be "independent" if the correlation of scores on the variables turns out to be close to __ .
    7. -1.00
    0.00
    +1.00
  7. The decision as to how an r should be labeled (e.g., as "high" or "moderate" or "low") is quite subjective, and different researchers might use different labels even though their correlation coefficients are exactly the same size.
    8. True
    False
A Few Extra Questions that are Supposed to be More Challenging
  1. In Excerpt 3.7, the correlation between Family Support and Avoidance/Detachment suggests that these two factors were not at all independent of each other?
    2. True
    False
  2. Look at Excerpt 3.1. If each county's "Votes Cast" percentage had turned out exact 10 percentage points higher than its "Voters Registered" percentage, how could we describe the relationship between the two sets of percentages?

    3. Linear
    Perfect
    Perfect but not linear
    Linear but not perfect Perfect and linear
  3. Given 8 totally different scores, it is possible to create a "high-high, low-low" situation by (a) positioning the top 4 scores in the X column & (b) positioning the lowest 4 scores in the Y column.
    4. True
    False

 

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Schuyler W. Huck
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